From the "Loaf of Bread" to "Commodity Fetishism": A 'New Interpretation'of the Marx-Sraffa Connection

Sraffa\u2019s unpublished papers have attracted again the attention of different scholars on the relationship between Marx\u2019s and Sraffa\u2019s economic theories. In his notes, as far as the theory of value is concerned, Sraffa states that the \uabdelicate point\ubb is the analysis of the relation between the wage rate and the rate of profit when wages partecipate in the distribution of surplus. Sraffa establishes a bridge among the \u2018macro\u2019 conception of a given surplus to be divided between the different social classes and the \u2018micro\u2019 analysis of the prices of the different commodities by equalizing the value of the net product to the labour employed in its production. From this perspective Sraffa\u2019s analysis can be linked to the \u2018New Interpretation\u2019 approach to the transformation of values into prices of production

TLS AND IMAGE-BASED ACQUISITION GEOMETRY FOR EVALUATING SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION

In the framework of cultural heritage documentation projects, it is very frequent the use of dense and detailed 3D models derived from range-based or image-based techniques. These reality-based models represent an effective and powerful solution to document the geometries, the surfaces and the characteristic of heritage assets. In fact, these technologies allow us to accurately describe the level of detail and the surface characterization of the materials, and also to provide precious support for the evaluation of the conservation status of the surveyed structures. In particular, the object studied in the presented research experience is the Morano sul Po arch (Morano sul Po, AL, Piedmont, Italy), a valuable example of an industrial archaeology asset. For the knowledge process of the arch, both LiDAR systems and photogrammetric strategies have been used, in order to properly document the geometry, the consistency of the material and the decays. The specific aim of the research presented in this paper is the evaluation of the advantages and the critical issues of using a telescopic pneumatic pole to raise the position of the scans from the ground and decrease the angle of incidence of the laser beam on the surveyed object. For this reason, the study also takes into consideration the use of mini UAVs and their flexibility to effectively acquire vertical surfaces even at elevated heights, comparing the density and the roughness of the derived model with the data obtainable by using TLS systems

Strategie sostenibili a supporto del processo conoscitivo di insediamenti alpini abbandonati: un rilievo low-cost per il recupero della borgata Coletta (VB)

Le borgate abbandonate situate sul territorio alpino rappresentano un prezioso patrimonio da recuperare e valorizzare. Molti progettisti si dedicano a questa tematica e la Geomatica può offrire un valido contributo al processo conoscitivo di questi beni. Il presente contributo si pone l’obiettivo di descrivere un approccio sostenibile al rilievo per la documentazione metrica di una borgata alpina abbandonata con l’ausilio, oltre che di tradizionali tecniche topografiche, di un drone commerciale e di uno smartphone

Digital Twinning for 20th Century Concrete Heritage: HBIM Cognitive Model for Torino Esposizioni Halls

In the wide scenario of heritage documentation and conservation, the multi-scale nature of digital models is able to twin the real object, as well as to store information and record investigation results, in order to detect and analyse deformation and materials deterioration, especially from a structural point of view. The contribution proposes an integrated approach for the generation of an n-D enriched model, also called a digital twin, able to support the interdisciplinary investigation process conducted on the site and following the processing of the collected data. Particularly for 20th Century concrete heritage, an integrated approach is required in order to adapt the more consolidated approaches to a new conception of the spaces, where structure and architecture are often coincident. The research plans to present the documentation process for the halls of Torino Esposizioni (Turin, Italy), built in the mid-twentieth century and designed by Pier Luigi Nervi. The HBIM paradigm is explored and expanded in order to fulfil the multi-source data requirements and adapt the consolidated reverse modelling processes based on scan-to-BIM solutions. The most relevant contributions of the research reside in the study of the chances of using and adapting the characteristics of the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) standard to the archiving needs of the diagnostic investigations results so that the digital twin model can meet the requirements of replicability in the context of the architectural heritage and interoperability with respect to the subsequent intervention phases envisaged by the conservation plan. Another crucial innovation is a proposal of a scan-to-BIM process improved by an automated approach performed by VPL (Visual Programming Languages) contribution. Finally, an online visualisation tool enables the HBIM cognitive system to be accessible and shareable by stakeholders involved in the general conservation process

A new indoor LiDAR-based MMS challenging complex architectural environments

The use of moving devices equipped with range- and image-based sensor, generically defined Mobile Mapping systems (MMS), have been quite a disruptive innovation in the development of Geomatics techniques for 3D surveying large indoor-outdoor spaces and offer multiple solutions. The recent expansion of portable devices in the form of trolleys, backpacks, handheld tools largely implements SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithms and technology based on both Lidar and/or visual solutions for answering to the positioning and the 3D reconstruction problems. The research on MMS is directed to improve both multi-sensor integration implementation and usability of systems in diversified use contexts and application fields. The aim of the presented research is the evaluation of the potential of the Swift system recently developed by FARO Technologies, that has been fine-tuned for regular and large extent interiors mapping (such as factories, hospitals, airports, offices). The work tries to preliminary investigate the data delivery and usability of the integrated system. This is based on three elements mounted on a sliding trolley moved by the operator walking: the ScanPlan profilometer working for the 2D SLAM mapping, the static TLS Focus S-series, and the smartphone managing the sensors operation and the acquisition progress. The evaluation strategy undertaken will be based on the global and local performance analysis related to the trajectory, the data accuracy, the metric content and consistency. Two test studies belonging to the 20th century. architecture are presented in a preliminary framework of evaluation and validation: a Liberty-style cinema and the Torino Esposizioni Hall B designed in ferrocement by pier Luigi Nervi

DOCUMENTING COMPLEXITY FOR THE 20TH CENTURY HERITAGE: THE ENRICHED 3D MODELS OF THE TURIN EXPOSITION NERVI’S HALLS DIGITIZATION

Great attention is increasingly paid to the heritage belonging to the XX century, particularly for the spatial structures made of concrete, that are a significant trait of this modern movement architecture. Since they demand today urgent conservation plans sustaining their deterioration, the multidisciplinary researches should devotes a profound investigations for tailored approaches providing a clear indication of best practices and recommendation for correct 3D documentation, information management and structural assessment and monitoring. In this framework, the Geomatics approaches are advancing the interests toward the multi-scale and multi-sensor digitization and for supporting management of complex information in enriched 3D models. The iconic halls B and C in Torino Esposizioni (Italy), designed by Pier Luigi Nervi, is the case study presented. It was recently awarded by the Getty Keeping it Modern grant. The multi-disciplinary research conducted, still in progress, focuses a particularly into the investigation of the structural analysis and consistency of ferrocement elements of the vaulted system finalized to the structural condition assessment. Here the role of multi-scale and multi-sensor 3D models is investigated, such as the development of a digital twin of the halls as a starting point to create an enriched informative system. The reconstruction of this model particularly considering the large extension and the complexity of the spaces, is addressed to works as a collector of 3D multi-sensor data and information related to the diagnostic investigation on structural health monitoring for the durability of ferrocement elements